Jul 09, · Opinion Guest Essay How Should We Do Drugs Now? How Should We Do We will need to look elsewhere for models of safe and sane psychedelic use. good food and companions to play and have sex with Essay writing service is just a general name of our business. There is a much deeper philosophy in what, why and how we do our job. Masters of papers is closer to what we are and what you can expect from us. Typing “write my essay” query, you probably feel a bit desperate and hope to get at least something to submit on time Even though many students undermine the role of physical education, it is worth considering, so check out the PE essay topics for your essay writing on education provided below. Physical education is a significant constituent of education since movement and physical activity are a must for the healthy development of a person
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After a half century spent waging war on drugs, Americans seem ready to sue for peace. The elections brought plenty of proof that voters have leapt ahead of politicians in recognizing both the failures of the drug war and the potential of certain illicit drugs as powerful tools for healing. Ballot initiatives in five states — four of them traditionally red — legalized some form of cannabis use. By substantial margins, Oregon passed two landmark drug reform initiatives: Fifty-nine percent of voters supported Measurewhich decriminalized the possession of small quantities of all drugs, even hard ones like heroin and cocaine.
In the past two years, a new drug policy reform movement called Decriminalize Nature has persuaded local governments in a half dozen municipalities, including Washington, D.
Ecstasy or Molly. Political opposition to all these measures has been notably thin. Neither party, it seems, has the stomach for persisting in a war that has achieved so little while doing so much damage, especially to communities of color and our civil liberties. But while we can now begin to glimpse an end to the drug war, it is much harder to envision what the drug peace will look like.
How will we fold these powerful substances into our society and our lives so as to minimize their risks and use them most constructively?
That conversation begins with the recognition that humans like to change consciousness and that cultures have been using psychoactive plants and fungi to do so for as long as there have been cultures, we do need a sex education essay. Something about us is just not satisfied with ordinary consciousness and seeks to transcend it in various ways, some of them disruptive as psychedelics were in the West in the s and others generally accepted as productive, like caffeine.
Hence the ritual of the coffee break, in which employers give employees both the we do need a sex education essay and paid time off in which to enjoy it. But context is everything: In many Native American communities, peyote, a psychedelic, is not at all disruptive; to the contrary, its ceremonial use promotes social cohesion and heals trauma.
In the case of psychedelics, decriminalizing these powerful compounds is only the first step in a process of figuring out how best to safely weave their use into our society.
The main model we have for resocializing a formerly illicit drug is the legalization of cannabis, now the new normal in 18 statesand many in the cannabis world look to psilocybin as the next cannabis. But the prospect of magic mushrooms being commercialized like cannabis — advertised on billboards and sold next to THC gummy bears in dispensaries — should fill us with trepidation. Microdoses perhaps, but a macrodose of psilocybin is a powerful, consequential and risky experience that demands careful preparation and an experienced sitter or guide.
We will need to look elsewhere for models of safe and sane psychedelic use. But where? The straightest and least controversial path to folding psilocybin, as well as MDMA, into society is the medical route, which passes through the Food and Drug Administration drug approval process.
These drugs are already well along in that processand both should be approved for use in psychotherapy within a few years — MDMA to treat post-traumatic stress disorder and psilocybin to treat depression and addiction.
After that happens, doctors will be able to prescribe these compounds, though not willy-nilly. The agency is expected to issue regulations stipulating exactly how and by whom they can be administered, probably with a trained facilitator in a safe place, in order to maximize the value of the therapy and minimize the chances of a bad trip. But what about the rest of us — healthy people without a psychiatric diagnosis who want to use psychedelics for therapy, self-discovery or spiritual development?
A small handful of religious organizations have marked out a second path to normalization. Sincethe Native American Church, now with an estimatedmembers, has had the right to use peyote as a sacrament.
Since then, two other churches have secured the right to use ayahuasca. Today, new churches organized around the use of psilocybin, LSD and other so-called entheogens are springing up, with plans to seek legal recognition.
Some legal experts expect them to prevail. The same majority that ruled that the religious beliefs of a corporation, Hobby Lobbyexempted it from provisions of federal law may find it impossible to rule against the right of the Church of Lysergic Acid to use its chosen sacrament. Americans could soon be able to go to a church to have a ritualized psychedelic experience.
Indeed, a prototype already exists: Field Trip Health has opened a half dozen lavishly appointed clinics with more on the way offering ketamine-assisted therapy for depression, which is already legal, we do need a sex education essay, in anticipation of Food and Drug Administration approval of MDMA and psilocybin. Different as they sound, the medical, religious and, for lack of a better term, retreat-center uses of psychedelics are all highly formalized, which is important.
When psychedelics first burst upon the West in the middle of the last century, they arrived without an instruction manual and so were sometimes used recklessly, without regard for set and setting. People thought nothing of dropping acid at festivals and protests or of spiking punch bowls we do need a sex education essay LSD, a practice that seems crazy, if not cruel. There are numerous examples of Indigenous peoples that have successfully incorporated psychedelic compounds into their cultures as a sacrament, medicine or medium of communication.
Surveying these cultures, you find a few common denominators. People seldom, if ever, use a psychedelic alone and never casually: They are taken for a specific reason, with an intention. There is almost always an elder presiding, someone who knows the psychic terrain and can create a suitable container for the experience.
And invariably the experience takes place within a structure of ritual. Andrew Weil was one of the first to recognize the value of we do need a sex education essay in drug use. Ritual seems to protect individuals and groups from the negative effects of drugs, possibly by establishing a framework of order around their use.
At least, people who use drugs ritually tend not to get into trouble with them, whereas people who abandon ritual and use drugs wantonly seem to have problems. In my interviews with Native Americans, I encountered a deep reluctance to share with a white journalist exactly what we do need a sex education essay during a peyote ceremony. We non-Natives will need to design our own culturally appropriate containers for the secular, we do need a sex education essay psychedelic experience.
But that process should be informed by the principles guiding these Indigenous practices, since they are the product of deep experience with these molecules going back thousands of years.
and A. with Michael Pollan. The end of the drug war will confront us with cases more challenging than the psychedelics, several of which have been investigated by scientists as effective treatments for various forms of mental illness. They are also not habit-forming. But what about the we do need a sex education essay hard drugs, like heroin, cocaine and methamphetamine — drugs that people ostensibly take for pleasure?
Is there a safe way to fold these more addictive molecules into our lives? This is uncomfortable territory, partly because few Americans regard pleasure as a legitimate reason to take we do need a sex education essay and partly because the drug war with its supporters in academia and the media has produced such a dense fog of misinformation, especially about addiction. Many people myself included are surprised to learn that the overwhelming majority of people who take hard drugs do so without becoming addicted.
We think of addictiveness as a property of certain chemicals and addiction as a disease that people, in effect, catch from those chemicals, but there is good reason to believe otherwise. Addiction may be less a disease than a symptom — of trauma, social disconnection, depression or economic distress. Put a rat in a cage with two levers, one giving it heroin or cocaine, the other sugar water, and the rat will reliably opt for the drug until it is addicted or dead.
These classic experiments seemed to prove that addiction is the inevitable result of exposure to addictive drugs, a simple matter of biology. But something very different happens when that experimental rat is sprung from solitary confinement and moved to a larger, more pleasant cage outfitted with toys, good food and companions to play and have sex with. This is the so-called rat park experimentdevised by a Canadian psychologist named Bruce Alexander in the s.
He and his colleagues found that in this enriched environment, rats will sample the morphine on offer but will consume a small fraction of the amount consumed by rats living in isolation, in some cases five milligrams a day instead of The second phenomenon Mr. Hari recounts took place at the end of the Vietnam War. Some 20 percent of U. troops became addicted to heroin while in-country.
But something unexpected happened when the addicted service members got home: Ninety-five percent of them simply stopped using. It made no difference whether or not they received drug treatment. The problem of drug addiction will be with us as long as unhappiness is; waging war on drugs did little to stem it, and it will not vanish with the peace. So what to do about it? Harm reduction is the approach embraced by the voters of Oregon as well as those nations that have decriminalized drugs, including Portugal and Switzerland, we do need a sex education essay.
That might mean drug treatment, instead of incarceration, to help addicts break their habit, or in some places, actually giving them heroin and clean needles to maintain it. This reduces the harm that comes from using street drugs, which are of unknown purity and nowadays often laced with fentanyl, which has contributed heavily to a rise in opiate overdosesand from the crimes committed to obtain them.
Switzerland has perhaps the most ambitious approach to treating heroin addiction. The government gives you a prescription for heroin but then makes sure you have a job, decent housing and therapeutic support, on the theory you will no longer need the drug after your circumstances improve. The abuse of opiates unquestionably does a tremendous amount of damage to individuals as well as to society.
But contrary to the stereotype of spiraling chemical enslavement, some people manage to use opiates habitually while leading productive lives. Many, if not most, of the harms of the practice stem from its prohibition. Along with high taxes, these expressions of we do need a sex education essay disapproval have substantially reduced tobacco use, we do need a sex education essay.
The uneasy peace our culture has made with alcohol may point to a way drugs like heroin and cocaine might someday be used in the post-war-on-drugs era.
As a society, we accept that some people will end up in an unhealthy relationship with alcohol and that tens of thousands will die each year from abusing it.
But a great many more will use the same drug with pleasure and without harm, either to themselves or society. We drink only in the company of others. The people who follow these rules and rituals are by and large not the people who get into trouble with alcohol. Nor did we need to figure out the best cultural container for each of them, the set of rules and rituals and taboos that might allow us to use them safely, productively and, yes, with pleasure. Taxation is important for two reasons: to discourage use and to pay for the associated health costs to society.
And while it is surely the case that the burden of drug abuse including that of alcohol and tobacco will fall most heavily on the poor, that argues not for a war on the drugs so much as for a war on poverty — on the conditions of life that make using drugs seem like a reasonable solution or means of self-medication.
The long history of humans and their mind-altering drugs gives us reason to hope we can negotiate a peace with these powerful substances, imperfect though it may be. We have done it before. The ancient Greeks grasped the ambiguous, double-edged nature of drugs much better than we do. Blessing or curse, which will it be? The answer depends not on law or chemistry so much as on culture, which is to say, on us.
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